Treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) can be treated with neuromodulatory techniques, both invasive (deep-brain stimulation; DBS), and non-invasive (Transmagnetic Cranial Stimulation; TMS). However, the mechanisms of how either of these interventions exert their therapeutic effects remains unclear. In this project we use one-photon calcium imaging with miniaturised fluorescent microscopes to tap into how these neuromodulation approaches can affect cortico-striatal circuitry in a compulsive-like mouse model. Researcher Alfredo Elhazazalso uses a behavioural task to better understand how aberrant avoidance behaviour may develop in compulsive-like mice.